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First Aid Basics

 

➡️ What is First Aid?

First Aid is the immediate help you give to someone who is hurt or suddenly sick — before professional medical help arrives.

🆘 Main Goals of First Aid

  1. Save life

  2. Prevent the situation from getting worse

  3. Help the person recover

🛠️ Basic First Aid Steps (DRABC)

Step Meaning Action
D – Danger Check for danger Make sure the area is safe for you and the injured person.
R – Response Check for response Gently shake and shout: "Are you okay?"
A – Airway Open the airway Tilt the head back and lift the chin.
B – Breathing Check for breathing Look, listen, and feel for breaths.
C – Circulation/CPR Start CPR if needed If no breathing, start chest compressions and rescue breaths.

🩹 Common First Aid Situations and What to Do

Situation What to Do
Bleeding Press firmly on the wound with clean cloth; keep pressure until bleeding stops.
Burns Cool the burn with running water for at least 10 minutes; cover loosely.
Fractures (Broken Bone) Keep the injured part still; use a splint if trained.
Choking (Adult) Give 5 back blows + 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver).
Heart Attack Call emergency services; help the person rest and stay calm.
Shock Lay the person down, elevate legs if possible, cover with a blanket.
Seizure Protect from injury; don't put anything in their mouth; call help if seizure lasts more than 5 minutes.
Poisoning Call emergency services immediately; do not make the person vomit unless told.
Heatstroke Move to shade; cool the body with water and fan air.
Hypothermia Move to warmth; cover with dry blankets; don't rub skin.

🧤 First Aid Kit Essentials

Here’s what a basic First Aid Kit should have:

  • Adhesive bandages (plasters)

  • Sterile gauze pads and bandages

  • Antiseptic wipes

  • Tweezers

  • Scissors

  • Medical gloves

  • CPR face shield

  • Painkillers (like paracetamol or ibuprofen)

  • Burn cream

  • Instant cold packs

  • Elastic bandages

  • Emergency blanket

🚑 Important First Aid Terms

(Short list recap)

  • CPR – Chest compressions + rescue breathing

  • AED – Machine that helps restart a heart

  • Heimlich Maneuver – Technique to help a choking person

  • Shock – Condition from low blood flow

  • Fracture – Broken bone

  • Burn – Injury from heat or chemicals

  • Seizure – Sudden uncontrolled shaking

✅ Golden Rules of First Aid

  • Stay calm.

  • Keep yourself safe first.

  • Call for professional help.

  • Comfort and reassure the injured person.

  • Never give food or drink to someone who is unconscious or seriously injured.

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