Keyboard

A keyboard is an input device that allows a user to type letters, numbers, symbols, and commands into a computer.
It is one of the most essential tools for communicating with a computer.

• Used for: Writing documents, programming, entering data, controlling software, and gaming.

• Standard layout: QWERTY is the most common layout (named after the first six letters on the top row).

📜 Origin:

• The keyboard was originally based on the typewriter, invented in the 1860s.

• The QWERTY layout was designed by Christopher Latham Sholes in 1873 to prevent mechanical jams in typewriters.

• Early computer keyboards in the 1960s and 70s were developed from teletype machines and mainframe terminals.

🧠 Development:

• 1980s: IBM developed the Model M keyboard — very durable, still loved by enthusiasts.

• Over time, keyboards evolved with USB, wireless, and Bluetooth connectivity.

• Today’s keyboards may include media keys, backlighting, programmable keys, and even touch-sensitive areas.

🖥️ Types of Keyboards:

🧩 By Design:

1. Standard Keyboard – Basic keyboard with 104 keys.

2. Compact Keyboard – Smaller, often without number pad (used in laptops).

3. Ergonomic Keyboard – Designed to reduce hand/wrist strain.

4. Split Keyboard – Divided into two parts to match hand position.

5. Virtual Keyboard – On-screen keyboard used on smartphones and tablets.

⚙️ By Mechanism:

1. Mechanical Keyboard

   • Uses individual switches for each key.

   • Durable and often used for gaming and typing professionals.

2. Membrane Keyboard

   • Uses pressure pads.

   • Quiet and cheaper, but less tactile feedback.

3. Scissor-Switch Keyboard

   • Common in laptops.

   • Low profile with a soft but fast response.

4. Optical Keyboard

   • Uses light sensors for key presses.

   • Faster response, long lifespan.

🔌 By Connection:

• Wired Keyboard – Connected by USB or PS/2 cable.

• Wireless Keyboard – Uses Bluetooth or RF (radio frequency).

• Backlit Keyboard – Illuminated keys for working in the dark.

💡 Fun Fact:

• The fastest typing speed ever recorded is 216 words per minute.

• Many software developers and gamers prefer mechanical keyboards for better feedback.