URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

URL (from Uniform Resource Locator) is a standardized address used to specify the exact location of a resource on the internet, such as a website, page, image, file, or any other online resource.

Using a URL, browsers can locate and display web pages for users.

🔧 Structure of a URL:

A URL typically consists of the following components:

Component	Description
Protocol	The data transmission protocol (e.g., `http://`, `https://`)
Domain Name	The website name, for example, `www.example.com`
Port	(Optional) The port number used for data transmission, e.g., `:80`
Path	The specific location of a file or page on the site, e.g., `/about`
Query	Parameters or filters used for the request, e.g., `?id=123`
Fragment	A reference to a specific part of the page, e.g., `#section1`

Example URL:
https://www.example.com/products?id=123#details

🌍 A Simple URL Example:

Protocol: https://
Domain Name: www.example.com
Path: /products
Query: ?id=123
Fragment: #details

✅ Advantages of Using URL:

Simple and Clear: URLs make it easy to find a specific resource.
Unique Addressing: Every web page or file has its own unique URL.
Security: The https protocol ensures secure data transfer.
Quick Access: Users can directly access a web page by entering the precise URL.

🔄 URL vs. IP Address:

Characteristic	URL	IP Address
Appearance	`https://www.example.com`	`192.168.0.1`
Purpose	User-friendly address	Used for communication between computers and servers
Formation	Uses a domain name that is automatically converted to an IP address	Hard numeric addresses, difficult for humans to remember
Security	Ensures secure connections with `https`	Does not inherently provide security

🧠 How a URL Works:

The user enters the URL in a browser.
The browser sends a request to the DNS (Domain Name System) to convert the domain name to an IP address.
The browser sends the request to the server and receives the resource (e.g., a web page).
The browser displays the page to the user.

🚀 Conclusion:

URL is a system of addressing in the internet that helps identify the exact location of resources like websites, images, files, and more. Properly structured URLs make it easier to navigate and access online resources.