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​​​​​​​EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT – DEFINITION AND ESSENCE

An employment contract is a written agreement between an employer and an employee, which sets out the terms and conditions of employment, including duties, rights, working hours, wages, rest periods, and social guarantees.

📌 Key Features of an Employment Contract

Feature Description
📄 Must be in written form Verbal agreements are not valid under the law
🤝 A bilateral agreement Between employer and employee
⏳ Can be fixed-term or indefinite Based on nature of work or agreement of the parties
🖋️ Requires signatures from both sides Without signature, it is legally void
📋 Basis for official employment The contract is used to issue an official employment order (prikaz)
💼 Covers all major job aspects Position, salary, duties, schedule, leave, safety, etc.

🧾 Mandatory Provisions in the Employment Contract

According to Article 109 of the Labour Code of Uzbekistan, the employment contract must include:

  1. ✅ Full identification of the parties (names, passport info, addresses, TIN)

  2. ✅ Job title or profession

  3. ✅ Place of work (branch, department, organization)

  4. ✅ Description of job duties (functions)

  5. ✅ Working conditions (shift work, remote work, hazardous work, etc.)

  6. ✅ Start date of employment

  7. ✅ Salary and payment terms

  8. ✅ Work hours (full-time/part-time)

  9. ✅ Vacation entitlement

  10. ✅ Probation period (if applicable)

  11. ✅ Reference to trade union involvement (if any)

⏱️ Types of Employment Contracts

Type Description
📌 Indefinite-term contract Open-ended, no set expiration
📅 Fixed-term contract For a specific period (e.g., 1 year)
🔍 Contract with probation period Up to 3 months to assess employee’s suitability
🔄 Temporary replacement contract For replacing an employee on leave or temporary absence

⚖️ An Employment Contract is Invalid If:

  • Concluded orally rather than in writing

  • Signed with a minor under 16 (without proper exceptions)

  • Missing key legal provisions

  • Contains fraudulent or false information

📌 Important: An employee cannot begin work without a signed contract and formal employment order.

🏢 Steps to Formal Employment in Uzbekistan:

  1. 📌 Candidate selection and interview

  2. 📄 Collection of documents (passport, diploma, tax ID, medical certificate, etc.)

  3. 🖋️ Signing the employment contract

  4. 📑 Issuance of employment order (prikaz)

  5. 📘 Entry into labour record (paper or e-mehnat system)

  6. 📚 Orientation and safety training

  7. 📂 Personnel file creation

🔚 Termination of Employment Contracts

Grounds for Termination Example
📝 At the employee's request Resignation notice
🏢 At the employer's initiative Staff reductions, misconduct, etc.
⏳ Expiry of contract term End of a fixed-term contract
🤝 Mutual agreement Both parties agree to end employment
⚖️ By court decision Violation of law, criminal matters

📚 Legal Sources:

  1. Labour Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2023 edition)

  2. Law on Employment of Population

  3. Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations Regulations

  4. E-mehnat platform (e-mehnat.uz) – official digital labour registry

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