Overview of Organ Systems in the Human Body

1. Integumentary System (Skin, Hair, Nails)

Function:

• Protects the body from external damage

• Regulates body temperature

• Prevents water loss

• Produces vitamin D

Main Organs:

• Skin

• Hair

• Nails

• Sweat and oil glands

2. Skeletal System (Bones, Joints, Cartilage)

Function:

• Provides structural support

• Protects internal organs

• Stores minerals like calcium

• Produces blood cells in the bone marrow

Main Organs:

• Bones (e.g., femur, skull)

• Joints

• Cartilage

3. Muscular System (Muscles, Tendons)

Function:

• Enables movement

• Maintains posture

• Produces heat

Main Organs:

• Skeletal muscles (e.g., biceps, quadriceps)

• Cardiac muscle (heart)

• Smooth muscles (digestive tract, blood vessels)

4. Nervous System (Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves)

Function:

• Controls body functions and responses

• Transmits electrical signals

• Coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions

Main Organs:

• Brain

• Spinal cord

• Peripheral nerves

5. Endocrine System (Hormone-Secreting Glands)

Function:

• Regulates metabolism, growth, and reproduction through hormones

Main Organs:

• Pituitary gland

• Thyroid gland

• Adrenal glands

• Pancreas (insulin production)

• Ovaries/Testes

6. Cardiovascular System (Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood)

Function:

• Circulates blood, oxygen, and nutrients

• Removes waste products

• Regulates body temperature

Main Organs:

• Heart

• Arteries

• Veins

• Blood

7. Lymphatic/Immune System (Lymph Nodes, Spleen, White Blood Cells)

Function:

• Defends against infections and diseases

• Transports lymph fluid

• Removes excess fluids from tissues

Main Organs:

• Lymph nodes

• Spleen

• Thymus

• Bone marrow

• White blood cells

8. Respiratory System (Lungs, Airways)

Function:

• Provides oxygen to the body

• Removes carbon dioxide

• Assists in speech production

Main Organs:

• Lungs

• Trachea

• Bronchi

• Alveoli

9. Digestive System (Stomach, Intestines, Liver, Pancreas)

Function:

• Breaks down food for nutrient absorption

• Eliminates waste

• Produces digestive enzymes

Main Organs:

• Mouth

• Esophagus

• Stomach

• Small and large intestines

• Liver

• Pancreas

10. Urinary/Excretory System (Kidneys, Bladder)

Function:

• Filters waste from the blood

• Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance

• Regulates blood pressure

Main Organs:

• Kidneys

• Ureters

• Bladder

• Urethra

11. Reproductive System (Male & Female Organs)

Function:

• Produces offspring

• Regulates reproductive hormones

Main Organs (Male):

• Testes

• Prostate gland

• Penis

Main Organs (Female):

• Ovaries

• Uterus

• Fallopian tubes

• Vagina