What is Schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. People with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality. It usually begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and can last a lifetime.

🎯 Main Symptoms of Schizophrenia

• Hallucinations — sensing things that are not real, often hearing voices

• Delusions — strongly held false beliefs not based on reality (e.g., believing someone is out to harm them)

• Disorganized thinking and speech — difficulty organizing thoughts, incoherent speech

• Social withdrawal — avoiding friends, family, and social activities

• Reduced emotional expression — flat facial expressions or monotone voice

🧠 Causes of Schizophrenia

The exact cause is unknown, but likely factors include:

• Genetic predisposition (family history increases risk)

• Chemical imbalances in the brain (especially dopamine and glutamate systems)

• Environmental factors (stress, viral infections during early development)

• Psychosocial stressors

📋 How Does Schizophrenia Progress?

Schizophrenia typically develops in stages:

1. Prodromal stage — early signs like social withdrawal and mood changes

2. Active stage — clear symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions

3. Remission stage — symptoms lessen, but illness may persist over time

💊 Treatment of Schizophrenia

There is no cure, but treatment helps control symptoms and improves quality of life:

• Antipsychotic medications (regulate brain chemicals)

• Psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy)

• Social support and rehabilitation

• Family education and counseling

⚠️ Prevention and Management

• Managing stress

• Leading a healthy lifestyle

• Regular medical checkups

• Avoiding alcohol and drugs

• Early diagnosis and seeking timely medical help

✅ Summary

Schizophrenia is a complex but manageable mental illness. With proper treatment and support, individuals can live fulfilling lives and actively participate in society.