📌 Definition:
Xerosis, also known as xerosis cutis, is a medical term for abnormally dry skin. It can cause roughness, scaling, itching, and sometimes painful cracks. It is especially common in older adults, but can occur at any age.
🧬 Origin of the Term:
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From the Greek word "xēros" meaning "dry"
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"Cutis" is Latin for "skin"
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So "xerosis cutis" literally means "dry skin"
🔍 Symptoms:
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Dry, flaky skin | Often with white or gray scales |
| Itching | Can be intense, especially in dry environments |
| Tightness | A pulling or tightening sensation, especially after bathing |
| Cracks | Common on heels, hands, and fingertips |
| Redness | In areas of irritation or scratching |
| Rough texture | The skin feels rough and may peel |
🎯 Commonly Affected Areas:
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Lower legs
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Elbows
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Hands and palms
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Face (especially cheeks and forehead)
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Feet
🔄 Causes of Xerosis:
External Factors:
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Cold, dry weather
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Long, hot showers or baths
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Use of harsh soaps and cleansers
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Heating systems and air conditioners
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Overexposure to sun (UV damage)
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Frequent swimming in chlorinated water
Internal Factors:
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Aging (reduced oil production)
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Medical conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism
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Dehydration
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Nutritional deficiencies (Vitamin A, D, E)
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Certain medications (diuretics, retinoids)
🧪 Diagnosis:
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Physical examination by a dermatologist
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Medical history review
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Lab tests (if systemic causes are suspected)
💊 Treatment:
| Treatment Method | Examples |
|---|---|
| Moisturizers | Creams with urea, glycerin, hyaluronic acid |
| Gentle cleansing | Fragrance-free, pH-neutral body washes |
| Barrier creams | Contain petroleum jelly, lanolin |
| Topical corticosteroids | Prescribed for severe itching/inflammation |
| Oral supplements | Omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin E (if needed) |
⚠️ Possible Complications if Untreated:
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Painful cracks and fissures
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Secondary skin infections
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Chronic inflammation
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Development of eczema or dermatitis
🛡️ Prevention Tips:
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Moisturize immediately after showering
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Avoid hot water and long showers
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Use humidifiers during dry seasons
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Wear cotton or breathable fabrics
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Stay hydrated (at least 1.5–2 liters of water daily)
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Use mild soaps and avoid alcohol-based products