What is it?
A lumbar puncture (also called a spinal tap) is a medical procedure where a thin needle is inserted into the lower part of the spine (the lumbar region) to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or to inject medication.
Purpose:
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To diagnose diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord such as meningitis, multiple sclerosis, or bleeding around the brain.
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To measure the pressure inside the skull.
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To inject medications like chemotherapy or anesthesia.
How is it done?
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You lie on your side with knees pulled up to your chest or sit and bend forward to open up the spaces between vertebrae.
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The doctor cleans the skin and numbs the area with a local anesthetic.
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A thin needle is carefully inserted between two lumbar vertebrae into the spinal canal.
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Cerebrospinal fluid is collected or medication is injected.
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The needle is removed, and a small bandage is applied.
What to expect:
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The procedure usually takes 30–60 minutes.
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You may feel pressure or a brief sharp pain when the needle is inserted.
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After the procedure, lying flat for a few hours is recommended to reduce headache risk.
Risks and side effects:
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Mild headache (common).
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Back pain or discomfort.
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Rarely, infection or bleeding.
Aftercare:
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Drink plenty of fluids.
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Rest for several hours.
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Report severe headache, fever, or worsening pain to your doctor immediately.