How the Internet Works

📌 1. What Is the Internet?

The Internet is a global network of connected computers that can share information. It allows us to:

• Browse websites 🌍

• Send emails 📧

• Watch videos 🎥

• Use apps 📱

Think of it like a giant web connecting millions of devices all over the world.

📌 2. Basic Components of the Internet

📌 3. How You Access a Website (Step-by-Step)

Let’s say you go to www.google.com. Here’s what happens behind the scenes:

🔸 Step 1: You Type the Address (URL)

You enter the URL in your browser.

🔸 Step 2: DNS Converts It to an IP Address

• www.google.com is turned into something like 142.250.190.36

• This is like finding a house using its street address.

🔸 Step 3: Your Computer Sends a Request

Your device sends a request (like a letter) to Google’s server:
🧑‍💻 ➡️ “Please show me the homepage!”

🔸 Step 4: Server Sends Back the Data

Google’s server responds with the website content.

🔸 Step 5: Your Browser Displays the Website

The webpage is loaded and shown on your screen.

✅ This all happens in less than a second!

📌 4. What Is an IP Address?

• IP = Internet Protocol

• It's like a digital address for every device on the Internet.

• Example: 192.168.1.1

📌 5. What Is a Server?

A server is a computer that:

• Stores data (web pages, videos, files)

• Sends data when someone asks for it

Examples:

• Google’s servers for search results

• Netflix servers for videos

• Email servers for Gmail, Outlook

📌 6. What Is an ISP?

Internet Service Provider — the company that connects you to the Internet.

Examples:

• Uzbektelecom (Uzbekistan)

• Comcast, Verizon (USA)

• BT (UK)

📌 7. How Data Travels – Packets

• Information on the Internet is broken into small packets.

• Each packet travels separately through the network.

• At the end, your device reassembles them to form the website, image, or video.

Like mailing a large book in small envelopes 📦✉️.

📌 8. What Is Wi-Fi?

• Wi-Fi lets your device connect to the Internet without cables.

• It uses radio waves to transmit data between your device and router.

📌 9. Internet Safety Tools

📌 10. Everyday Use Cases of the Internet

• Social Media (Instagram, TikTok)

• Email (Gmail, Yahoo)

• Video Calls (Zoom, Google Meet)

• E-commerce (Amazon, AliExpress)

• Education (Google Classroom, Coursera)

✅ Summary