OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

Definition:

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by:

• Obsessions: Unwanted, repetitive thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety.

• Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions.

Common Examples:

• Excessive washing or cleaning due to fear of germs.

• Checking locks, appliances, or lights repeatedly.

• Counting, tapping, or repeating words silently.

• Arranging objects in a particular order.

Causes:

• Biological: Brain structure and neurotransmitter imbalance (especially serotonin).

• Genetic: Family history increases risk.

• Environmental: Childhood trauma or stress can trigger symptoms.

Symptoms:

• Intrusive thoughts (e.g., fear of harming others).

• Repeating routines or rituals.

• Intense anxiety if rituals are not performed.

• Difficulty controlling behaviors despite knowing they are irrational.

Diagnosis:

• Based on clinical interview and standardized questionnaires (like Y-BOCS).

• Symptoms must interfere with daily functioning and last more than an hour a day.

Treatment:

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – especially Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP).

2. Medications – SSRIs like fluoxetine or sertraline.

3. Support groups or psychotherapy.

4. In severe cases: Deep brain stimulation (rare).

Important Notes:

• OCD is not the same as being neat or organized.

• It is a chronic condition but can be effectively managed with proper treatment.