Science is the systematic study of the natural world based on observation, experimentation, and evidence. It aims to explain natural phenomena using logic and critical thinking.
🌍 1. Prehistoric Beginnings
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Early humans observed stars, seasons, animal behavior, and plant growth.
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They used this knowledge for hunting, farming, and navigation.
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This was not formal science, but it was the foundation of scientific thought.
🔹 Example: Tracking the phases of the Moon to measure time.
🏛️ 2. Ancient Civilizations (3000 BCE – 500 CE)
🔹 Egyptians
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Built pyramids using geometry.
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Practiced early medicine (surgery, herbal remedies).
🔹 Mesopotamians
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Developed early astronomy and mathematics.
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Created calendars and star charts.
🔹 Greeks
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First to separate philosophy from myth.
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Aristotle, Archimedes, and Hippocrates laid the groundwork for biology, physics, and medicine.
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They emphasized reason and logic.
📌 Hippocrates is known as the “Father of Medicine.”
🕌 3. Islamic Golden Age (8th–13th Century)
During this period, Muslim scientists preserved and expanded ancient knowledge.
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Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham) developed the scientific method and studied optics.
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Avicenna (Ibn Sina) wrote “The Canon of Medicine” — used in Europe for 500+ years.
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Advances were made in astronomy, algebra, chemistry, and medicine.
🏛️ 4. European Renaissance (14th–17th Century)
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Revival of classical Greek and Islamic science.
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Printing press helped spread scientific texts.
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Scientists began conducting experiments to test ideas.
🚀 5. Scientific Revolution (16th–18th Century)
This was a turning point when modern science truly began.
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Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a Sun-centered solar system.
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Galileo Galilei used telescopes to observe space.
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Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion and gravity.
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Development of the scientific method became central.
🧬 6. Modern Science (19th–21st Century)
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19th century: discoveries in electricity, evolution (Darwin), germ theory (Pasteur).
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20th century: breakthroughs in physics (Einstein), chemistry, genetics (DNA).
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21st century: progress in AI, biotechnology, quantum physics, and space exploration.
🧠 Conclusion
The origin of science is a journey from curiosity to knowledge, from myths to methods, and from observations to innovations. It’s a legacy shared by many civilizations and continues to grow through education, research, and discovery.