An endoscope is a flexible or rigid tube with a light and camera that allows doctors to see inside the body’s hollow organs or cavities. It is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes without the need for large incisions.
🔹 Origin and History
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The concept of looking inside the body dates back to ancient times, but the modern endoscope’s development began in the 19th century.
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In 1806, the first rudimentary device resembling an endoscope was invented by Philipp Bozzini, a German physician, who created the “Lichtleiter” (light conductor) to examine the urinary tract and other body cavities using candlelight and mirrors.
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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advances in optics and light sources led to more practical endoscopes.
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The invention of the rigid cystoscope in 1877 by Maximilian Nitze is considered a milestone in endoscopy.
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The introduction of fiber optics in the 1950s revolutionized endoscopy by allowing flexible tubes with better image quality and less discomfort for patients.
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Since then, endoscopes have continuously evolved with digital cameras, video displays, and advanced tools for surgery.
🔹 How It Works
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The endoscope is inserted through natural body openings or small incisions.
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It illuminates the area with a light source.
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A camera transmits images to a monitor for real-time viewing.
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Additional tools can be used through the endoscope for biopsy or treatment.
🔹 Uses and Advantages
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Minimally invasive
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Enables early diagnosis and treatment
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Reduces recovery time and risks compared to open surgery