What is Eczema?

Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry, and scaly, sometimes with blisters. It's not contagious, but it can be persistent and often recurs in cycles of flare-ups and remission.

📚 Word Origin

• The term "eczema" comes from the Greek word "ekzein", meaning "to boil out" or "break out".

• This reflects the boiling or blistering appearance of the skin during flare-ups.

🧬 Causes of Eczema

Eczema is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with eczema often have a compromised skin barrier and overactive immune responses.

Main causes and triggers:

• ✅ Genetics – family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies

• ✅ Immune system dysfunction – overreaction to irritants or allergens

• ✅ Environmental irritants – dust, pollen, soaps, detergents, fragrances

• ✅ Allergies – to foods (like eggs, milk, nuts), dust mites, pet dander

• ✅ Stress – emotional or mental stress can trigger or worsen symptoms

• ✅ Climate – cold, dry air or sudden weather changes

🔍 Types of Eczema

1. Atopic Dermatitis – most common type, often starts in childhood

2. Contact Dermatitis – caused by direct contact with irritants/allergens

3. Seborrheic Dermatitis – affects oily skin areas (scalp, face)

4. Nummular Eczema – coin-shaped spots on the skin

5. Dyshidrotic Eczema – small, itchy blisters on hands and feet

⚠️ Common Symptoms

• Intense itching

• Redness and swelling of the skin

• Dry or cracked skin

• Formation of blisters that may ooze and crust

• Thickened, leathery patches (in chronic cases)

• Pain or burning sensation

💊 Treatment Options

There is no permanent cure for eczema, but it can be managed effectively.

Treatment goals: reduce inflammation, relieve itching, and repair the skin barrier.

Common treatments include:

1. Moisturizers – daily use of emollients to keep skin hydrated

2. Topical corticosteroids – reduce inflammation during flare-ups

3. Antihistamines – help control itching

4. Calcineurin inhibitors – alternative anti-inflammatory creams

5. Phototherapy – UV light treatment for severe cases

6. Avoidance of triggers – like allergens, harsh soaps, or stress

🧼 Prevention Tips

• 🟢 Moisturize regularly — especially after bathing

• 🟢 Avoid hot showers and harsh soaps

• 🟢 Wear soft, breathable fabrics (cotton is best)

• 🟢 Use fragrance-free and hypoallergenic products

• 🟢 Keep indoor air moist with a humidifier

• 🟢 Manage stress through relaxation techniques

• 🟢 Identify and eliminate allergens from your environment or diet