What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease that causes the rapid buildup of skin cells, leading to scaling, red patches, itching, and sometimes pain. It is not contagious and often follows a cycle of flare-ups and remission.

📚 Word Origin

• The word “psoriasis” comes from the Greek word “psora”, meaning “itch”.

• It was first described in ancient times, but clearly defined as a distinct disease in the 19th century.

🧬 Causes of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is caused by a malfunction of the immune system, which accelerates the growth cycle of skin cells.

Key contributing factors:

• ✅ Genetics – family history increases risk

• ✅ Immune system dysfunction – overactive T-cells attack healthy skin cells

• ✅ Triggers like:

  • Stress

  • Skin injuries

  • Infections (e.g., strep throat)

  • Cold weather

  • Certain medications (e.g., lithium, beta-blockers)

  • Smoking and alcohol

🔍 Types of Psoriasis

1. Plaque Psoriasis – most common; raised, red patches with silvery scales

2. Guttate Psoriasis – small, dot-like spots, often triggered by infection

3. Inverse Psoriasis – shiny red lesions in body folds (e.g., underarms, groin)

4. Pustular Psoriasis – white pustules surrounded by red skin

5. Erythrodermic Psoriasis – rare, severe form; widespread redness and scaling

⚠️ Symptoms

• Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery-white scales

• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed

• Itching, burning, or soreness

• Thickened, ridged, or pitted nails

• Joint pain or stiffness (in psoriatic arthritis)

💊 Treatment Options

Psoriasis has no permanent cure, but treatments can control symptoms and reduce flare-ups.

Common treatments:

1. Topical treatments

   • Corticosteroids

   • Vitamin D analogs

   • Coal tar

   • Moisturizers

2. Phototherapy (Light therapy)

   • UVB or PUVA light slows skin cell growth

3. Systemic medications (for moderate to severe cases)

   • Methotrexate

   • Cyclosporine

   • Biologics (e.g., adalimumab, etanercept)

4. Lifestyle changes

   • Avoiding triggers

   • Reducing stress

   • Maintaining healthy weight

🧼 Prevention & Management

• 🟢 Keep skin moisturized

• 🟢 Avoid scratching or picking at plaques

• 🟢 Reduce stress through relaxation and exercise

• 🟢 Avoid known triggers (e.g., alcohol, smoking)

• 🟢 Protect skin from injuries and infections

• 🟢 Follow prescribed treatment plan regularly