Xerosis (Dry Skin)

📌 Definition:

Xerosis, also known as xerosis cutis, is a medical term for abnormally dry skin. It can cause roughness, scaling, itching, and sometimes painful cracks. It is especially common in older adults, but can occur at any age.

🧬 Origin of the Term:

From the Greek word "xēros" meaning "dry"
"Cutis" is Latin for "skin"
So "xerosis cutis" literally means "dry skin"

🔍 Symptoms:

Symptom	Description
Dry, flaky skin	Often with white or gray scales
Itching	Can be intense, especially in dry environments
Tightness	A pulling or tightening sensation, especially after bathing
Cracks	Common on heels, hands, and fingertips
Redness	In areas of irritation or scratching
Rough texture	The skin feels rough and may peel

🎯 Commonly Affected Areas:

Lower legs
Elbows
Hands and palms
Face (especially cheeks and forehead)
Feet

🔄 Causes of Xerosis:

External Factors:

Cold, dry weather
Long, hot showers or baths
Use of harsh soaps and cleansers
Heating systems and air conditioners
Overexposure to sun (UV damage)
Frequent swimming in chlorinated water

Internal Factors:

Aging (reduced oil production)
Medical conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism
Dehydration
Nutritional deficiencies (Vitamin A, D, E)
Certain medications (diuretics, retinoids)

🧪 Diagnosis:

Physical examination by a dermatologist
Medical history review
Lab tests (if systemic causes are suspected)

💊 Treatment:

Treatment Method	Examples
Moisturizers	Creams with urea, glycerin, hyaluronic acid
Gentle cleansing	Fragrance-free, pH-neutral body washes
Barrier creams	Contain petroleum jelly, lanolin
Topical corticosteroids	Prescribed for severe itching/inflammation
Oral supplements	Omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin E (if needed)

⚠️ Possible Complications if Untreated:

Painful cracks and fissures
Secondary skin infections
Chronic inflammation
Development of eczema or dermatitis

🛡️ Prevention Tips:

Moisturize immediately after showering
Avoid hot water and long showers
Use humidifiers during dry seasons
Wear cotton or breathable fabrics
Stay hydrated (at least 1.5–2 liters of water daily)
Use mild soaps and avoid alcohol-based products